Bio means “Life” and Diversity means “Variety”. In short variety of life is called biodiversity. While conservation means maintaining earth biodiversity. Diversity of life in all forms and at all levels of organizations. All the forms mean biodiversity including plants, animals, fungi, invertebrate, bacteria and level of organization refers to the diversity of gene, ecosystem as well as species. The ...

The expression of gene can be controlled at different levels in the eukaryotes. Following are steps involved in Gene Expression in Eukaryotes. The first step is transcriptional control of gene expression. Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression In Eukaryotes The RNA synthesis depends on RNA polymerase enzymes. Numerous proteins called transcription factors help in the action of these enzymes. The RNA ...

Entire stretch of DNA required for production of enzyme is called Operon (Operon which controls the lactose concentration in bacteria is called Lac Operon). In bacteria, the expression of gene is controlled at transcription level. Discovery of Lac Operon Operon model of gene expression was first described by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod in 1961. The Lac operon is involved in ...

The synthesis of protein at the ribosomes form mRNA is called translations. There are different steps of protein synthesis (translation), which are as follow. Role of tRNA in Translation Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays important role in translation. It reads codes on the mRNA and brings different amino acids. Thus, a polypeptide chain is formed. The tRNA has complementary pairing of ...

The synthesis of messenger RNA from DNA is called transcription. The genetic information in DNA is not translated directly into proteins. This information is first transcribed into mRNA. Many enzymes are involved in the process of transcription. These enzymes perform following functions: They unwind a region of a DNA molecule. They initiate and end mRNA synthesis. They also modify the ...

Genetic code is sequence of three bases-a triplet code. DNA must code for the 20 different amino acids. DNA has information carrying capabilities. This information is present in the sequence of nitrogenous bases of DNA. DNA transfers these sequences to mRNA. Each three-base is a codon. There are 64 possible codons. But there are only 20 amino acids. Hence more ...

The Gene Nature and Properties of Gene are as Follow: The word “gene” was defined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen as the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity. The word was derived pangenesis used by Darwin (1868). The word pangenesis is made from the Greek words pan and genesis (“birth”) or genos (“origin”). Classical Genetics and evolutionary ...

DNA Replication And Steps Involved In The DNA Replication DNA replication is the biological process of producing two same (Identical) Copies of DNA from one Parental or original DNA. The DNA replication process occurs in all living organisms of this world and is the basis, the core, the root for biological inheritance. Following steps are involved in the replication of ...

The exchange of segments between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes (Are similar but not Identical) during meiosis is known as crossing over. Linked genes can be separated by crossing over. Two genes closer gene loci are strongly linked. There is greater chance of their separation through crossing over. if the gene lie father apart. Suppose, there is a single pair ...

The family comprises of about 500 genera and 4500 species including such as Avena sativa (Oat – Jai, Barley) commonly distributed in temperate region, but are also found in tropical and sub-trope! Areas. in Pakistan family is represented by many crop plants such as: Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Oryza sativa (rice), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Zea mays (maize), Sorghum vulgare (jowar), Avena ...