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Give answers to the following bacteria quiz questions. Following are the bacteria quiz questions, students can prepare these questions for their important quiz tests.
Bacteria
- What is conjugation? Is it a sexual mating?
Ans: The transfer of genetic material between bacteria through cell-to-cell contact is called bacterial conjugation. Bacterial is often incorrectly regarded as sexual reproduction or mating. It does not involve the fusion of gametes and formation of a zygote. Therefore, it is not actually sexual mating.
- What is episome?
Ans: Episome is a plasmid of about 100 kb length that can integrate itself into the bacterial chromosome by genetic recombination. It carries its origin of replication called oriV.
- What are F+ and F- Bacterium?
Ans: there can only be one copy of the F-plasmid in a bacterium. Such bacterium is called F-positive or sometimes male bacterium. The bacteria lacking F-plasmid are called F-negative or female bacterium.
- What is meant by low frequency of chromosomal gene transfer?
Ans: Some culture of cells contains non-integrated F-plasmids. These are responsible for the low-frequency of chromosomal gene transfer.
- What is meant by Hfr?
Ans: Some Strains of bacteria have integrated F-plasmid. Such strains transfer chromosomal genes very efficiently. So, they are called Hfr (high frequency of recombination). A hfr cell is a bacterium with a cognitive plasmid (often F) integrated into its genomic DNA. Unlike a normal F+ cell, hfr strains attempt to transfer their entire DNA through the mating bridges (called pili) to the F- cell. bacteria quiz questions
- What is transduction? Who did discover it?
Ans: Transduction is the process by which bacterial DNA is moved from one bacterium to another by a virus. It was first discovered by Joshua Lederberg in 1952.
- Differentiate between generalized and specialized transduction?
Ans: Generalized transduction occurs in Lytic cycle of phage virus. Specialized transduction occurs in Lysogenic cycle of phage virus.
- What is Restricted transduction?
Ans: Certain phages carry out a more restricted kind of transduction. They carry only a specific section of bacterial transduce only a few genes. Retroviruses carry out specific or restricted transduction. bacteria quiz questions
- What is transformation? Who did discover it?
Ans: Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the introductions, uptake and expression of foreign genetic material (DNA or RNA), It was discovered in 1928 Frederick Griffith.
- What is meant by natural competence?
Ans: Natural bacterial transformation occurs only in bacterial species capable of natural competence. Such species carry sets of genes specifying machinery. It brings DNA across the cell’s membrane or membranes. bacteria quiz questions
- What is meant by artificial competence?
Ans: Artificial competence is not encoded in the cell’s genes. Instead it is a laboratory procedure. In this procedure, the cells are passively made permeable to DNA. These procedures are comparatively easy and simple. It can be used to genetically engineer bacteria. bacteria quiz questions