Family Rosaceae Rosa indica (Rose-Gulab)

The Rosaceae family consists of about 115 genera and 3200 species. The members of the family are worldwide in distribution. Such as Rose Gulab (Rosa indica). They are found in temperate and cold regions. The family is important for its valuable fruit plants and beautiful and fragrant flowers.

The common representative genera are: Rosa indica (gulab), Prunus spp (badam, khubani, alu bokhara), Pyrus communis (nashpati), Eriobotrya japonica (locate), Fragaria (strawberry), Potentilla, (a medicinal plant) and Malus sp (seb).

Rosa indica (Rose Plant)

Family Rosaceae Rosa indica Flower

Distinguishing Features

Herb. shrubs or tree, stipulate alternate simple or compound leaves, flower hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, hypo or perigynous. calyx 5 united, corolla 5 to many, stamen numerous, ovary is with single to many carpals.

The representative species is Rosa indica (gulab – rose).

Rosa indica (Gulab – Rose)

Habit

A prickly climbing shrub. The flowers are a source of an essential oil, oil of roses.

Root

Tap root, branched.

Stem

Erect, branched, prickly.

Leaf

Cauline and ramal, stipulate (stipules adnate the petiole), imparipinnately compound, rachis bears prickles.

Leaflet

Stalked, ovate, serrate margins, reticulate unicostate.

Inflorescence

Cymose Solitary terminal or axillary.

Flower

Bracteate (bracts rarely persistent), pedicellate, complete, actinomorphic, bisexual, perigynous, flowers: yellow, red, white or pink

calyx

Five sepals, gamosepalous, tubular, inferior.

Corolla

Petals 5 to indefinite, polypetalous, rosaceous, colored, scented, inferior.

Androecium

Stamens indefinite, polyandrous, anthers basifixed, inferior.

Gynoecium

Polycarpellary, apocarpous, ovary superior with a single ovule, placentation basal, stigma terminal, ovule solitary.

Floral Formula: K(5)  C∞  A∞  G∞ _

Floral Structure of Rosa indica

Floral Diagram of Rosa indica

Economic Importance of the Family.

This cosmopolitan family is very rich in its contribution to the pleasure and welfare of mankind.

Source of Fruits

It includes apples, pears, quinces, peaches, apricots, almond, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries and several other edible fruits which are of immense values.

Ornamental Plants

Several beautiful flowering shrubs belong to this family, especially the roses.

Source of Gulkand

The petals of rose have a purgative property and are used in the manufacture of gulkand, a laxative.

Source of Perfume

Many kinds of scents obtained from various species of rose etc.

Source of Medicine

Ark gulab (Rose water) is used as medicine for eye diseases.

Bitter and Astringent

The root and bark of some plants are bitter and astringent.

Poison

Several members abound in an acrid waiery juice which is more or less narcotic in its effect in the animal frame-work. Among these, the most important is Conium (Hemlock) part of plant, especially the fresh leaves and green fruits contain a volatile oily alkali called coniine, which is so poisonous that a few drops soon prove fatal to small animals. It acts on the nervous system and is a valuable medicine in small doses in cancerous and nervous diseases. Several British species, especially of Oenathe, Cicuta and Aethusa are also poisonous and their fleshy roots are very deadly to all kinds of live-stock and have many times been fatal to man.

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